A descriptive study of the cultural mores and beliefs toward HIV/AIDS in Swaziland, Southern Africa

Swaziland, located in the southern cone of Africa, has the second highest prevalence rate for HIV in the world of males and females between the ages of 15 to 49, with 25% of the population infected. The purpose of this study was to adapt an HIV peer education curriculum to the culture and language of Swaziland. A descriptive pilot study using individual and group interviews was conducted with the participation of key informants, government and non-government officials, traditional healers, and nursing students. The data revealed the following culture-specific themes: cultural mores influence sexual behavior; culturally sanctioned gender-based power differentials exist; religious and cultural taboos influence HIV/AIDS beliefs and behaviors; myths exist concerning condoms; intrapersonal/religious conflicts influence condom use; conflict exists between traditional and government health leaders, limited resources are available for condom purchase; and limited support systems are available for women. The research results have biopsychological as well as cultural implications for providing HIV/AIDS peer prevention education and counseling for this population.